Syndactyly, commonly known as webbed toes, is a condition where two or more toes are fused together by skin and sometimes other soft tissues. This congenital condition—present at birth—affects about 1 in every 2,000 newborns. The webbing can be partial (involving only skin) or complete (extending to bones and joints in rare cases), giving the toes a web-like appearance.
The condition most often affects the second and third toes, but webbing can occur between any digits of the foot. While the exact cause of syndactyly is not fully understood, it is believed to have a genetic component. In many cases, it runs in families and can also be associated with certain syndromes or developmental disorders.
In most mild cases, webbed toes do not cause pain or interfere with walking. However, if the webbing affects foot function or causes cosmetic concerns, surgical separation may be recommended. Surgery is typically performed during early childhood and is tailored based on the severity of the fusion, potential complications, and the child’s overall health.
When Is Treatment Needed?
Treatment decisions depend on several factors:
- The extent and location of the webbing
- Any interference with movement or shoe fit
- Aesthetic concerns raised by the patient or parents
- Whether the condition is part of a larger syndrome
In cases where function or appearance is significantly affected, surgery can improve mobility and boost confidence. Most surgical outcomes are positive, especially when performed by a skilled pediatric orthopedic or plastic surgeon.
